Purpose – Since 1999, China has undergone reform of its healthcare system. City-based social health insurance (SHI) is the primary form of current health insurance, supplemented by various commercial health insurance programs. The rural new cooperative medical system (NCMS) was introduced in...

In 2007, China launched a subsidized voluntary public health insurance program, the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance, for urban residents without formal employment, including children, the elderly, and other unemployed urban residents. We estimate the impact of this program on health care...

In 2007, China launched a subsidized voluntary public health insurance program, the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance, for urban residents without formal employment, including children, the elderly, and other unemployed urban residents. We estimate the impact of this program on health care...

In 2007, China launched a subsidized voluntary public health insurance program, the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance, for urban residents without formal employment, including children, the elderly, and other unemployed urban residents. We estimate the impact of this program on health care...

China's Urban and Rural Residents' Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) system recently was formed to integrate two prior-existing government health insurance programs for low income citizens: the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (for rural residents) and the Urban Residents' Basic Medical Insurance...

This paper provides empirical evidence on the labor market effects of public health insurance using evidence from China. In 2007, China launched a national public health insurance program, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI), targeting residents in urban areas who were not insured by...

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards avoid investments in companies complicit in modern slavery (PRI 2021, 4). Responsible investors have long recognized modern slavery, including forced labor, child labor, sweatshops, migrant worker abuses, human trafficking—and still more...

How do demand- and supply-side incentives interact, when there are potentially large provider income effects? We develop a simple model and empirically test it with data from China’s Essential Medications List (EML) policy, which reduced patient copayments and changed provider incentives by...

Low-income people, especially the rural poor in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), have limited access to healthcare when they are sick. To address this issue, the governments of LMICs have initiated health insurance programs that target these poor populations. However, the health...