in significant progress that includes unbundling and privatization of the long-standing government-owned monopoly in the … mainstreaming clean renewable energy being the main theme running through the analysis. …

's social contract was linked to expanding energy access with good quality supply based on public financing and huge subsidies … pressure in 2014 when energy subsidies reached 6.8 percent of gross domestic product. Since then, the reform process has been … revived based on new electricity, gas, and renewable energy laws; price and subsidy adjustments; structural reforms with a …

for further extensive reforms, including a clean energy transition. Lessons include that state-centric institutions can …

independent regulation, partial privatization of the generation company (KenGen), and establishment of complementary entities … energy investment. The reforms have improved the operational efficiency of the sector, increased cost recovery, and captured … leading diversification toward geothermal energy. Political influence in sector decisions remains significant, in planning and …

renewable energy investments were conceived as an integrated approach to contribute to economic development by relieving fiscal … pressures, reducing external dependence on fossil fuels, and positioning the country as a regional leader in renewable energy … energy to account for one-third of the total and relying on the private sector to supply just over half of the electricity …