Chinese state capitalism has been treated as essentially synonymous with state-owned enterprises (“SOEs”). But drawing a stark distinction between SOEs and privately owned enterprises (“POEs”) misperceives the reality of China's institutional environment and its impact on the formation...

China could not have achieved its economic growth in a vacuum of legal development. But its legal system is facing unprecedented challenges brought about by vast social changes and the country's increasingly deep integration with the rest of the world. One such challenge is the sudden...

The recent split share structure reform in China involves the non-tradable shareholders proposing a compensation package to the tradable shareholders in exchange for the listing rights of their shares. We find that state ownership (the major owners of non-tradable shares) has a positive effect...

The U.S.-China economic relationship has reached a critical juncture. Over the past year, the U.S. has imposed tariffs on $250 billion worth of Chinese imports and China has retaliated, raising tariffs on U.S. exports. The U.S. concerns that underpin these bilateral trade tensions stem from...

Although Uber's arrival in China has resulted in disruptive competition for incumbent taxi companies, it offers an attractive alternative in China's supply-demand-imbalanced urban passenger transport system. China's regulatory regime for Uber has evolved in three stages: from the regulatory...

Following the expiry, on 11 December 2016, of the second paragraph of Section 15(a) of China's Protocol of Accession to the WTO, importing WTO Members no longer find a legal basis in in Section 15 for using so-called non-market economy (NME) methodologies for determining the normal value of...

The WTO Agreements emphasize freer trade, which links with diversity, deregulation, and decentralization. China, on the other hand, emphasizes uniformity and centralization especially regarding the political control and the one-party system of ‘democratic dictatorship'. China's joining the...

China's infrastructure-based Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is challenging the US-led Western International Economic Governance Order (hereafter the Western order) that has been in place since the end of World War II, reflecting a global shift in power and influence from the United States to...

Considering the fact that its existence is abundant while maintaining the ability to generate freshwater while burning, methane hydrates have been classified as sources of sustainable energy. China currently maintains an international role in developing technology meant to explore offshore...

China’s geopolitical ambitions give rise to risks that government agencies and the businesses they regulate need to address. In particular, Military-Civil Fusion (MCF), a whole-of-government legal and administrative machinery created by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), aims to give China’s...