In major legal orders such as UK, the U.S., Germany, and France, bribers and recipients face equally severe criminal sanctions. In contrast, countries like China, Russia, and Japan treat the briber more mildly. Given these differences between symmetric and asymmetric punishment regimes for...

This paper presents the results of an empirical study of attitudes toward bribe taking in the largest economies on four continents – the USA, Brazil, Germany and China. The authors use the Human Beliefs and Values Survey data to examine several demographic variables, including gender, age,...

A number of studies have examined the relationship between tax collection and various demographic variables. However, until recently most of those studies have involved a United States sample population. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service provides demographic data for researchers on a regular...

In major legal orders such as UK, the U.S., Germany, and France, bribers and recipients face equally severe criminal sanctions. In contrast, countries like China, Russia, and Japan treat the briber more mildly. Given these differences between symmetric and asymmetric punishment regimes for...

Leniency policies and asymmetric punishment are regarded as potentially powerful anticorruption tools, also in the light of their success in busting price-fixing cartels. It has been argued, however, that the introduction of these policies in China in 1997 has not helped fighting corruption....

The central purpose of this article is to illuminate the process and politics of China's sentencing process for capital murder. Since 2007, China's death penalty reform has resulted in a recalibration of the convicted murderers' eligibility for execution. The reform heralded a substantial...

This research investigates the impact of Fintech development on an important type of crime: theft. Based on Becker's rational criminal theory, we suggest that Fintech development could mitigate theft activities by increasing the earnings from legitimate work, relaxing potential criminals'...

During 2013, the U.S. Treasury Department evoked the first use of the 2001 Patriot Act to exclude virtual currency provider Liberty Reserve from the U.S. financial system. This article will discuss: the regulation of virtual currencies; cybercrimes and payment systems; darknets, Tor and the...

One might think that bribery is always unethical. Studies by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development discourage the practice and a number of other studies have viewed bribery in negative terms. However, a closer examination of the issue reveals that the question of whether...

Legal commensuration is a complex mechanism of valuation. Its complexity has much to do with the relational nature of the monetary exchange involved between parties in the litigational context. This article offers a framework to understand its process and outcome by focusing on the institutional...