The WTO has not been able to recover since the collapse of the Doha Round in July 2008. Several ministerial conferences including the Buenos Aires meeting in December 2017 failed to reach agreement. The US Trump Administration launched a campaign to reform the WTO in 2018 and 2019. This book...

In 2009, China stood at the center stage of the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement, accounting alone for half of new disputes. From three perspectives, this article examines China's endeavors since WTO accession to respond challenges and support its meaningful participation in WTO...

This working paper elaborates on China's approach towards and use of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). It builds on statistical data and existing opinions in the literature to demonstrate the evolution of China's behaviour as a participant in the DSM. It also...

What shapes jurisprudence in international law? States dedicate considerable effort trying to influence not only the outcome, but also the content, of legal rulings. The stakes are high, as these legal opinions can redefine the meaning of the rules. Looking at the World Trade Organization, we...

In this paper we claim that, in the WTO Appellate Body (AB)'s ruling in US-Countervailing Measures (China), the AB decision has essentially left unchanged the practice of imposing countervailing duties (CVDs) on environmental goods. While the US has formally “lost” the case, a change in the...

This article will China's participation in the WTO dispute settlement process since its admission into the organization in 2001 to 2011. The aim of the article is to demonstrate China's changing attitude towards its role in the multilateral trading system by focussing on China's engagement with...

Chinese export policy is under great attention within the WTO system. In fact, Beijing has introduced duties and quotas for many raw materials, in particular also for the so called rare earth elements, a group of chemical elements which are indispensabile for the industrial production of high...

On 23 July 2012, the Dispute settlement body (Dsb) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) established a single panel to examine the complaints brought by the united states, the european union and Japan against the chinese export restrictions on rare earth elements (rees), tungsten and...

The year 2009 witnessed the rise of China as one of the major players in World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement since it alone accounted for half of the fourteen new WTO disputes initiated in that year. This paper examines China’s growing involvement in major WTO dispute settlement...

One of the most significant events in China's history of engaging international law was its legal defeat in the South China Sea Arbitration case. The case was brought by the Republic of Philippines on its disputes with China concerning maritime entitlements in the South China Sea. The relevant...