Introduction -- Nixon and Kissinger -- China reforms from 1978 to 1990 -- China from 1990 forward -- China's currency manipulation -- US foreign direct investment (FDI) -- European foreign direct investment -- China foreign direct investment in the United States -- China foreign direct...

This paper employs a new empirical approach to estimate the impact of subsidies on growth and productivity. Our key innovation is to use local political leader geographic rotation as a source of exogenous variation. By using Chinese Industrial Census data from 1999 to 2013, we find that more...