Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie sind die institutionelle und quantitative Entwicklung von Internet und E-Commerce in China sowie die Analyse resultierender ökonomischer Effekte und ihrer Transformationsriemen. In methodischer Hinsicht basieren die Analysen auf drei komplementären Ansätzen....

The paper provides a framework for the conceptualization, definition and estimation of legacy costs that need to be addressed in a reform that transforms an unfunded defined contribution (NDB) scheme into a notional (or non-financial) defined contribution (NDC) scheme. As the new contribution...

According to a frequently cited finding by Berger et al (1993), X-inefficiency contributes 20% to cost-inefficiency in western banks. Empirical studies of Chinese banks tend to place cost-inefficiency in the region of 50%. Such estimates would suggest that Chinese banks suffer from gross cost...