monopoly. It is, therefore, misguided to adopt ex-ante fixed regulation on digital platforms as a whole, as now envisaged by … enforcement on e-commerce giants. Meanwhile, exploitative abuse (or superior-bargaining-position) regulation has attracted … increasing attention, in order to protect suppliers from abuse by e-commerce giants. This regulation needs exacting application …

, antitrust and data regulation. By exerting greater oversight over platform governance, the government has pressured tech firms …

supply of antitrust regulation of SOEs. Demand to regulate SOEs arises in both competitive and regulated sectors. After … SOEs, leading powerful SOEs to demand regulation of their state-owned rivals. On the supply side, the main supplier of … continues to deepen market reform and grants more autonomy to SOEs, demand for antitrust regulation will increase. However …