success than theoretical studies. However, the pattern over time is very similar with yearly mean citations peaking after …

shown that patents and their quality as measured by citations received by future patents contribute significantly to the … forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of … the art, it can also be cited because it threatens the novelty of patent applications ('blocking citations'). Empirical …

-to-the-firm organisations. The robustness check further shows that, when accounting for the uneven distribution of forward citations across …

citations. They found that Korean patents are more likely to cite Japanese patents than U.S. ones, maybe due to their proximity …, etc.). In their studies, they found also that the citations received (forward) by Korea and Taiwan outnumber the citations … patent citations, between North Saharan (NS) countries and South European (SE) countries and explore the nature of these …

, United Kingdom, and United States). Byusing patents and patent citations at the United States Patent and Trademark Office we … spillovers, patent citations related spillovers, and face-to-face contact spillovers. Ourresults, based on data for Argentina … effects, bilateral patent citations and face-to-face relationships between inventors are bothimportant additional mechanisms …

classifications. It further provides a network of patent citations, thus indicating how patents build from existing knowledge and …

scientific fields has a negative impact on the reputation of scientists in terms of the number of citations but a positive impact …

-English publications are often not included in data sets, or that language metadata is not available. Because of this, citations between … publications of differing languages (cross-lingual citations) have only been studied to a very limited degree. In this paper, we … present an analysis of cross-lingual citations based on over one million English papers, spanning three scientific disciplines …

: the number of citations received per patented innovation, and the number of citations received per dollar of R … obtained per dollar of investments. I find that the average quality of patents (citations received per patent) falls with firm … size in Pharmaceuticals, but there is no relationship between patent quality and firm size in Semiconductors. Citations …