In Brazil, different employers report different racial classifications for the same worker. We use the variation across employers to identify the relationship between race and wages. As much as 40 percent of the raw racial wage gap remains after controlling for all individual characteristics...

This paper uses a recent first name list to improve on a previous Bayesian classifier, the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method, which combines surname and geography information to impute missing race and ethnicity. The proposed approach is validated using a large mortgage lending...

In recent years, many jurisdictions have developed sustainability taxonomies that aim to increase transparency of financial markets and redirect capital flows to sustainable investments. Such sustainable finance policies can be important levers because today’s investments shape economic...