global welfare. In a counterfactual world without non-OPEC oil, global welfare would be 13 trillion US$ higher, 10 trillion …

contributes to that rational discussion.” —Steve Mawer, Chair - Calumet Specialty Products/Montana Renewables “The world is caught … Brent Crude Oil: Genesis and Development of the World's Most Important Oil Benchmark (Palgrave, 2023). …

) approach to evaluating the hedging effectiveness of clean energy stocks. The out-of-sample forecast evaluations of the oil risk … Diebold & Mariano forecast evaluation test for nested and non-nested models, respectively. Findings - The study finds ample … also conducts forecast evaluations of the clean energy predictive models for nested and non-nested models. …