states are increasingly at risk of being affected by environmental disasters, with devastating social and economic … consequences. Risk allocation provisions included in investor–state mining contracts, often considered boilerplate and replicated … between themselves and limit their losses in those cases. However, traditional risk allocation clauses within existing mining …

Climate change is particularly important issue in Madagascar, a poor island nation that is frequently affected by … adults by estimating a bivariate probit model using data from 210 localities over the period 2004 to 2011. Our results show …

adults by estimating a bivariate probit model, using a panel survey conducted in 2004 and 2011 in Madagascar − a poor island …