We survey the microeconomics literature that studies how firms in the developing world are adapting to extreme weather … exposure. We discuss benchmarks for measuring adaptation progress at the firm, industry and macroeconomic level …

. The results are robust to alternative model specifications. Adaptation explains why a smooth aggregate response function … is compatible with sharply non-linear crop yield functions. With adaptation, the effect of warming on Western European …

cognitive tests among all the participants in a nationally representative longitudinal survey in China with weather data … with air conditioning installed on site are less vulnerable to extreme high temperatures, indicating the role of adaptation. …

. The results are robust to alternative model specifications. Adaptation explains why a smooth aggregate response function … is compatible with sharply non-linear crop yield functions. With adaptation, the effect of warming on Western European …

be more severe than that of hot days that are not preceded by other hot days. This study finds that some adaptation to …

, consistent with long-run adaptation to climate, sales sensitivity to weather declines with historical norms and variability of … weather. Short-run adaptation to weather shocks is dominated by changes in what people buy and how they buy it, with little … intertemporal substitution. Over four weeks, a one-standard deviation one-day weather shock shifts sales by about 10 percent. While …

This paper analyzes the short- and long-term impact of extreme weather events on educational outcomes in Mongolia. Our … comprehensive retrospective information on households’ historic experience with weather shocks. Exposure to the weather shock … climate data as well as household-level livestock losses. Exposure to weather shocks during preschool age (as opposed to …