As climate-related concerns and the urgency for rapid decarbonization become more prevalent, companies face an ever-increasing pressure to disclose accurate information on their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this context, companies often struggle to ensure the validity and accuracy of GHG...

We examine the impact of extreme weather events on the cost of an audit. We measure impact as the number of days per year a firm experiences an extreme weather event of any type (e.g., drought, floods, storms, wildfires) in its metropolitan statistical area (MSA). We first find that auditors...

Diminishing emission budgets and increasing risks of catastrophic damages from climate change require analyses of rapid response options including geoengineering options such as ocean iron fertilization (OIF). To decide whether or not OIF might be such an option an assessment of its potential as...

This report estimates the CO2 emissions of freight transport on a hypothetical high-speed rail (HSR) line along the northern route, from Lyon to Warsaw, of a 'European Silk Road' (ESR). Using a methodology consisting of predictions regarding the freight-carrying capacity of the future HSR, and...

Today, reducing CO2 emissions is a global target which nearly all countries in the worldprioritize. Some countries have ratified up to 30 multilateral environmental agreementsregarding the atmosphere up to 2006. This number has been surging since 1989 after theratification of the Montreal...

This paper considers the impact of sea level rise and storm surge on the Red River delta region of Vietnam an area already known to be highly vulnerable to coastal risks. By combining a range of sea level rise scenarios for 2050 with the simulated storm surge level for the 100-year storm surge,...

The impacts of climate change are expected to create numerous challenges for cities. This report synthesizes key points raised in a series of discussions among “adaptation leaders” from fourteen cities around the world. Critical issues for urban adaptation that emerged from the discussions...

Internal carbon pricing by corporations is a relatively new tool in carbon management. Using a sample of 1,274 firms from 45 countries and across 43 industries reporting to the Carbon Disclosure Project (the CDP) during the years, 2015 to 2018, this study uses carbon emissions intensity ratios...