Inter-annual climate variability in the Southeastern US that affects farm productivity and cash flows is largely driven by the predictable El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of the ENSO anomalies on the performance of agricultural loan...

Using a rare flood in April 2019 in Iran as a natural experiment, we study the role of local banks in mitigating the financial consequence of natural disasters to smallholder farmers. We find that local branches immediately react to the disaster by increasing their lending for two months...