roads’ impacts on Brazilian Amazon forests varied significantly across frontiers. Impacts varied predictably with prior … development – prior roads and prior deforestation – and, further, in a pattern that suggests a potential synergy for roads between … low prior roads and deforestation. For each setting, census-tract observations are numerous. Results confirm predictions …

damage. Although an annual affair, forest fires in the Brazilian Amazon received unprecedented public scrutiny in August 2019 …. Comparing active fires in Brazil versus those in Peru and Bolivia in a difference-in-differences design, we find that increased …