households in three agro-ecological zones in Kenya. To control for unobserved heterogeneity, a "within" household fixed effects … small ruminant and non-ruminant livestock due to their higher adaptive capacity. Consequently, households rely on two major … coping strategies to smooth their consumption level: (1) adjusting their livestock portfolios, and (2) borrowing from group …

-Niño-induced large-scale drought on smallholder farmers’ livestock holding and milk production using nationally representative data … collected before and after the drought. We show that drought reduced milk production and livestock holding by 25.8% and 8 ….4%, respectively. Heterogenous impact analysis suggests that asset-rich households sold livestock and financed feed purchases, which …