As reporting GHG emissions becomes mandatory in the financial sector, the methods by which emissions are calculated will grow in importance for their impact on the resulting metric. Progress is underway in both the public and private financial sectors to embed emissions accounting standards, but...

This chapter investigates the extent to which the European Union (EU)1 has incorporated climate change into its development cooperation policy. It describes the EU’s development cooperation policy, its evolution and its main principles (see Section 6.2), and focuses on the process of...

The environmental Kuznets curve is a relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. Empirical studies have produced mixed results concerning Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis given the different indicators of environmental degradation used. But...