terms of equity for emerging countries. This approach also eliminates competitiveness and leakage issues. Copyright Springer … growth and competitiveness issues from industrialized countries. Our sectoral approach builds on three premises: (i) cap … total welfare and equity. It is shown that, for a minor global welfare loss, the Enhanced Sectoral Approach ranks high in …

and combines it with general equity principles. The procedure selects those "national circum- stances" which are suitable … developed. It is argued that equity-based signals can be a forceful means supporting this process. …

effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. The latter three concepts have served as foci of theoretical discussions among economists who …