In this study CO2 emissions embodied in Austrian international trade are quantified employing a 66-region input output model of multidirectional trade. We find that Austria's final demand CO2 responsibilities on a global scale are 38% higher than conventional statistics report (110 Mt-CO2 versus...

A unilateral tax on CO2 emissions may drive up indirect carbon imports from non-committed countries, leading to carbon leakage. Using a gravity model of carbon trade, we analyze the effect of the Kyoto Protocol on the carbon content of bilateral trade. We construct a novel data set of CO2...

According to current international climate change regime countries are responsible for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which result from economic activities within national borders, including emissions from producing goods for exports. At the same time imports of carbon intensive goods are not...

This paper calculates and compares the level of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using a production-based accounting (PBA) method and a consumption based accounting (CBA) method. The PBA attributes GHG emissions resulting from production processes to the country in which the production takes...