This article explains why policy makers should seriously consider substantial early reductions in greenhouse gas emissions as a part of any post-Kyoto framework, and sets out suggested elements of a framework for early action in a post-Kyoto agreement. Substantial early reductions are needed...

This paper identifies some of the problems of ensuring protection of the climate as well as fair competition in World Trade Organization antidumping law. A product is dumped when the export price is lower than the price charged by the exporter on the domestic market. If the dumped prices cause...

The European Union (EU) is a self-conscious leader in the ‘fight’ against climate change and an active proponent of an ambitious global climate regime. Nonetheless, to a significant degree its efforts have been in vain. A global agreement to extend or replace the Kyoto Protocol has not been...

The EU is engaged in an ambitious, controversial, and high-stakes experiment to extend the reach of its climate change law. It is seeking to use its market power to stimulate climate action, and to substitute for climate inaction, elsewhere. This is most apparent in relation to the EU’s...

It is increasingly common for states to adopt climate change legislation that includes within its scope greenhouse gas emissions that occur outside of their territory. This legislation is frequently characterized as extraterritorial and its appropriateness and legality is cast in doubt. Drawing...

Since the Kyoto Protocol, black carbon and other non-gaseous short lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) have played little role in global climate policy making. Over the past ten years, however, there has been an increasing recognition in the climate science literature of their importance for the...

An important source of political opposition to measures aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) arises from concerns over their negative effects on the competitiveness of domestic firms, especially those that are energy-intensive and exposed to competition from foreign producers....

This paper discusses the UN and EU regulations on the climate change in regard to CO2 emission in a perspective of the “Tragedy of the Commons”. The paper presents the objectives of the Rio Convention UNDCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and the EU CO2 trading system. The main...

Climate policies have often focused on the role of State as a regulator. Meanwhile, their role as leading economic actors, especially as shareholders and investors, has been neglected. State-owned enterprises control significant shares of economic sectors which are central to a carbon-intensive...

In the Tragedy of the Commons Hardin suggested that with respect to global commons we are trapped in a vicious circle where calculations of utility pushes us to keep polluting our own nest. This taken on a global scale has led to concerns about climate change and a realization that measures need...