The limitations in the world sources of energy are being mitigated by the exploitation of renewable forms and by increases in the efficiency of energy utilization. Exergy analysis is a useful method for the design, evaluation, and improvement of energy systems, that uses conservation of mass and...

Energy conservation is a central concern of the current industrial world, where increasing efficient energy usage is the only way of reducing a high energy demand. In the present study the optimization of a pulp and paper mill with a cogeneration plant has been carried out. The optimization was...

Sugarcane is one of the most important industries of the Brazilian economy, and its main products are sugar and ethanol. Most of the industrial plants produce both products in an integrated process, in which the sugarcane bagasse is a by-product that can be used as a fuel in the cogeneration...

During the last two decades the total cost of LNG technology has decreased significantly due to improvements of the liquefaction process. However, the regasification system has not been considerably improved. It is known that for the regasification process about 1.5% of LNG is used. Two novel,...

Back in 1970s and 1980s, cogeneration plants in sugarcane mills were primarily designed to consume all bagasse, and produce steam and electricity to the process. The plants used medium pressure steam boilers (21 bar and 300°C) and backpressure steam turbines. Some plants needed also an...