This study formulates and examines the monetary approach to the balance of payments by incorporating the currency substitution version of money demand function for Pakistan over the period 1962-2005 using FM-OLS and Johansen-Juselius cointegration techniques. The results suggest that real...

In recent work Im, Lee, and Enders (2006) use stationary instrumental variables to test for cointegrating relationships. The advantage of their approach is that the t-statistics are asymptotically standard normal and the familiar critical values of the normal distribution may be used to assess...

This article examines the existence and stability of the consumption function in the United States of America (US) economy during a sample period, beginning in the 1950s. In order to obtain a stable long run relationship, we have introduced two innovative elements into the analysis of the...

In this study, an attempt has been made of develop a dynamic macroeconometric model of Pakistan’s economy to examine the behaviour of major macroeconomic variables such as output, consumption, investment, government expenditure, money, interest rates, prices, exports, and imports. The model...

Economy can be pretentious by the progression of devaluation or depreciation of local currency either positively or negatively. The improvement in trade balance is considered as one of the significant and beneficial impacts occurring on account of devaluation by means of an increase in the...

The relationship between growth and inequality has been analysed by a number of recent empirical studies. This paper re-examines the relationship between of growth and inequality for the period 1956-2003 for Sudan. It builds upon different models to investigate empirically the relationship...

The study examined the nexus between institutional quality, financial development and inclusive growth in Nigeria for the period 1984-2017. The study employed asymmetric cointegration approach to study the long-run relationship of institutional quality, financial development and inclusive growth...

Gold has proven to be a sturdy investment to weather the storm of economic demise time and time again, however there lies no consensus on a model to capture the movement of gold prices. This study attempted to predict the implications of the recession brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic on...

The increasing unemployment in Nigeria has motivated several empirical studies on the causes of the problem in the country. However, attention has not been paid to the contribution of the changes in oil prices to the unemployment problem. As a net exporting oil country, a fluctuation in oil...

The present study investigate the relationship between sensex returns and Indian-USD Exchange rates and the impact of the time series on each other. Exchange rate fluctuation will effect international trades, thus influence the stock market. The study is based on the secondary sources obtained...