The study attempts to identify the dynamic relationship between trade, income growth, energy consumption and CO2 … emissions for Pakistan. Johansen’s Cointegration procedure has been employed to estimate the coefficients of the Cointegrated … Vector Autoregressive model. The results reveal that trade has a favorable effect on environmental quality for Pakistan …

cointegration among the series. In the long run, trade openness promotes economic growth. The growth-led-trade hypothesis is …The study investigates the impact of trade openness on economic growth in the long run. We apply the ARDL bounds … development as an additional determinant of economic growth using the framework of Mankiw et al. (1992). The results confirm …

Theoretical and empirical literature have focused on supply factors when studying economic growth determinants. The … present work analyzes demand factors as determinants of the Bolivian economic growth between 1953-2002 using framework … introduced by Thirlwall (1979). According to cointegration analysis exports were an important determinant in the Bolivian …

, a theoretical model is developed to explain price transmission for different trade regimes. Drawing from the competitive … if no trade takes place but future trade is expected. Using a global database on food prices, we construct national and …

causality from GDP and trade to environmental quality in these countries. Yet, Trade and environmental quality does not have any …This paper investigates the causal relationship between environmental quality, GDP and trade for MENA region countries … by using panel unit root tests and panel cointegration analysis for the period 1970-2011. The results show a strong …

and growth in Pakistan. Furthermore, the results of causality test and variance decomposition analysis suggest a … unidirectional causality running from natural gas consumption to economic growth. Gas being the primary source of energy in Pakistan …This paper examines the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Pakistan using a …

under the framework of Granger causality and panel cointegration for Pakistan over the period 1981-2008. The result supports …-way causality between FDI and GDP is identified. At the sectoral level, the effects of FDI on growth vary significantly across … th e evidence of panel cointegration between FDI and output. FDI has a positive effect on output in the long run. The …

Efforts to spur growth in sub-Sahara Africa have been intensified amid structural and institutional constraints. Tax … exchange rate volatility is directly harmful to tax revenue performance, and indirectly through trade openness. …

cointegration for the period 1972 to 1999. To estimate the long-run elasticities, we use three approaches: the autoregressive … technique. Our results indicate a long-run cointegration relationship among the variables when import volume is the dependent …