2012. It analyzes both the long-run relation and the direction of causality. To this end, an autoregressive distributed lag … (ARDL) model of cointegration and a Granger causality test have been implemented within a vector error correction model … for causality show long run causality running from GDP per capita and regime durability to democracy. In the short run …

short-run dynamics of the variables show that the flow of causality runs from energy use to GDP, and there is a long …

, and terms of trade are cointegrated. The evidence suggests long-run bidirectional causality between real exports and real …

challenges in the South Asian region. In this paper the authors investigate the presence of cointegration and causality …

approach, and we perform the cointegration and Granger causality analysis employing the methods of vector error correction … bilateral but exhibits stronger evidence on the causality of output→finance; and (2) economic growth, financial development and …

coefficient of the error correction term confirms the long run causality between explanatory variables and private investment. The … pair-wise Granger causality concludes unidirectional causality from private investment to GDP growth, from private … causality test confirms bidirectional causality between debt servicing and private investment. The paper also suggests policy …

between central government revenue and expenditure. The result from Granger causality test based on Vector Error Correction … Models (VECM) suggests bidirectional causality between central government revenues and expenditures in the long …-run Granger causality test based on WALD test restriction suggests unidirectional causality from expenditure to revenue supporting …

to March 2009. We test the cointegration and causality between the two variables. The results of Engle-Granger, Johansen … find evidence of the bidirectional Granger causality between the exports and the imports explained by the significant …

The main objective of this study was to re-examine the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports in Malaysia … error-correction model (VECM) and the Granger (1969) causality test were used to examine the short-and long-run causality … Granger causality results strongly supported bilateral causality between economic growth and its determinants. This indicated …

India. The results of this study using data for past nine and half years however detected bidirectional causality. …