approach from panel data of 12 provinces in eastern Indonesia. The empirical findings of this study were: 1) In the long run … run. Secondly, to examine the direction of causality between tourism development and economic growth in Eastern Indonesia … over the period 2010-2017. This study employed a panel vector error correction model (PVECM) for the quantitative analysis …

The paper analyses cocoa farmers' integration into global markets taking into account trade reforms in five cocoa … Error Correction Model. The results, while being mixed, suggest that the reforms have increased the exposure of farmers to … accruing to farmers in cocoa major producing countries. For a sustainable cocoa economy, policies that create an enabling …