In this paper, we consider a cointegrated panel data model with non-stationary common factors, which, because of its appeal in many economic applications, has received much attention in the recent literature. By deriving a Granger-type representation theorem, we obtain several equivalent model...

This paper proposes new unit root tests for panels where the errors may be not only serial and/or cross- orrelated, but also unconditionally heteroskedastic. Despite their generality, the test statistics are shown to be very simple to implement, requiring only minimal corrections and still the...

The current paper considers the asymptotic local power of second-generation panel unit root tests that are robust to the presence of cross-section dependence in the form of common factors. As a basis for our analysis, we take the PANIC approach of Bai and Ng (2004, 2010), which is one of the...

In this article, we propose a new estimator of panel data models with interactive fixed effects and multiple structural breaks that is suitable when the number of time periods, T, is fixed and only the number of cross-sectional units, N, is large. This is done by viewing the determination of the...

This paper tests the convergence in per-capita carbon dioxide emissions for a collection of developed and developing countries using data spanning the period 1870 to 2002. For this purpose, three recently developed panel unit root tests that permit for dependence among the individual countries...