Europe's protracted political fragmentation. We build a dynamic model with granular geographical information in terms of …'s recurring political unification and Europe's persistent political fragmentation. The existence of a core region of high land …

Europe's protracted political fragmentation. We build a dynamic model with granular geographical information in terms of …'s recurring political unification and Europe's persistent political fragmentation. The existence of a core region of high land …

argued that “fractured land” was responsible for China’s tendency toward political unification and Europe’s protracted … find that topography alone is sufficient, but not necessary, to explain polycentrism in Europe and unification in China …