Using the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment, we show that the GDR's gender-equal institutions created … a culture that has undone the male breadwinner norm and its consequences. Since reunification, East Germany still differs … from West Germany not only by a higher female contribution to household income, but also because East German women can earn …

between East and West Germany declined at a speed not far from empirical estimates of the neoclassical growth model, yet … from those found within West Germany, and net migration has ceased. On this human metric, German unification has been an …

Using the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment, we show that the GDR's gender-equal institutions created … a culture that has undone the male breadwinner norm and its consequences. Since reunification, East Germany still … differs from West Germany not only by a higher female contribution to household income, but also because East German women can …

Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) allows for taking into account two political regimes and … that in both parts of Germany women’s probability of having a first child is negatively correlated with both employment and …