This paper aims to reconstruct the total amount of public expenditure on railways in key European Countries. The analysis bases on data referring to: Italy, Great Britain, Germany, France and Sweden. The main objective is to evaluate the appropriateness of transfers granted in view of containing...

In most rich democracies one finds a tendency for the share in public finance that is available for discretionary spending to shrink. This is because tax revenues do not keep pace with simultaneous increases in fixed expenditures and growing pressures for fiscal consolidation. The present paper...

This essay is about my prior experiences as a rocket scientist on Apollo rocket engines, with comparison to my subsequent experiences at the Federal Reserve, and in academia, with emphasis upon differences in collaboration and scientific methodology. A primary difference is in the emphasis on...