Cleavage structures, party systems, and voter alignments : an introduction / by Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan -- pt. 1. The English-speaking democracies. Class voting in the Anglo-American political systems / by Robert R. Alford -- Class voting in New Zealand : a comment on Alford's...

Today's labor-scarce economies have open trade and closed immigration policies, while a century ago they had just the opposite, open immigration and closed trade policies. Why the inverse policy correlation, and why has it persisted for almost two centuries? This paper seeks answers to this dual...

We study voting over higher education finance in an economy with risk averse households who are heterogeneous in income. We compare four different systems and analyse voters' choices among them: a traditional subsidy scheme, a pure loan scheme, income contingent loans and graduate taxes. Using...