process. Seven levels of automation of price discovery are identified, and 47 systems are classified according to these … criteria. Systems operating at various levels of automation are compared with respect to age, geographical location, and type … asymmetric information increases with the level of automation of price discovery. The potential for trading abuses related to …

that are more exposed to automation in the U.S. through trade fared in exports and employment outcomes. The results show …-2014 -- lowers growth in exports per worker from Mexico to the U.S. by 6.7 percent. Higher exposure to U.S. automation did not affect …. Exposure to U.S. automation reduced manufacturing wage employment in areas where occupations were initially more susceptible to …

We investigate the effects of automation on total factor productivity (TFP). Using industry‐level panel data for nine … that the robot intensity increases with Chinese import competition and that automation is associated with higher wages and …

that are more exposed to automation in the U.S. through trade fared in exports and employment outcomes. The results show …-2014 - lowers growth in exports per worker from Mexico to the U.S. by 6.7 percent. Higher exposure to U.S. automation did not affect …. Exposure to U.S. automation reduced manufacturing wage employment in areas where occupations were initially more susceptible to …