combining population-level birth and school records from Florida. This research question is complicated by substantial school … immigrant students in the school. We propose a new identification strategy to partial out the unobserved non-random selection …

-in-differences models that leverage within-individual and across-cohort variation in shooting exposure within matched school groups to … grade in the two years following the event. We also find adverse long-term impacts on the likelihood of high school … student and school characteristics indicate that the detrimental impacts of shootings are universal, with most sub …