The concept of a Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) has become a useful tool in international criminal law. It allows courts to hold individuals criminally liable for group activities to which they have contributed in a criminally relevant way. The concept allows for an attribution of criminal...

This paper investigates the impact of drug decriminalization in Portugal using the Synthetic Control Method. The applied econometric methodology compares Portuguese drug-related variables with the ones extracted from a convex combination of similar European countries. The results suggest that a...

In the United States, 115 people die each day due to overdose, and a third of overdoses involve the concurrent use of opioids and a class of sedatives called benzodiazepines. Facing a similar problem in 2012, Austria responded by installing public health ocers (PHOs) as third-party institutions...