Commissioned by the Toronto Financial Services Alliance (TFSA), this report provides a high level comparison of the regulatory environment that impacts the financial services industry in some of the main jurisdictions based on relevant instrumental factors, responses to an online questionnaire...

After the financial crisis of 2006-2007, a lot has been said in the U.S. as well as in Europe, about the main reasons that led to one of the most tragic global economy depressions of the century.In the management of such a context, the efficiency of administrative bank oversight and banking...

The procyclicality hypothesis predicts that after a stock market downturn, regulatory initiatives and therefore investor protections increase. Unlike the relevant literature which focuses on new legislation, we focus on the enforcement of securities law. Our work is consistent with the idea of...