The study analyses the price formation and market functionality of the Finnish food chain. A significant portion of the report consists of international comparisons. The main comparison countries are the so-called old EU countries (EU15) of Western Europe, the new EU countries (EU12) and the...

The Internet has become an integral part of the everyday life of households, firms and governments. Its proper functioning over the long run is therefore crucial for economic growth and people’s wellbeing more generally. The success of the Internet depends on its openness and the confidence of...

This paper examines the relation between prices in conventional stores and on the Internet. Main results from the theoretical analysis are i) we expect a discrete fall in prices in conventional stores as the share of the population with access to Internet reaches a critical level, ii) the...

This article describes the findings of a study aimed at providing a replication and extension in China of studies focused on incentive compensation practices of automobile retailers in the United States (Gibbs et al., 2004, 2009) and the Netherlands (Jansen et al., 2009). Rich, detailed data...

As of December 31, 2019, Apple was the second largest corporation in the world in terms of market capitalization. This paper ranks Apple, comparing Apple's revenue to the GDP of the world's 185 largest nations

French retailers have found opportunities in Romania, which meant creating formats quite different from those in France or, in the case of a diversified firm, exploiting just one format from its range. However, this strategy seems to be a short time one given that, in order to be successful in...

Perfect integration eludes the real world, so we suggest a realistic benchmark standard for judging the extent of market integration in various economies. We estimate the degree of integration in the US product market, widely acknowledged to be the most integrated among geographically large...

The structure of retail industry in Korea has similarities with that in Japan. The proportion of small businesses in the retail industry in two countries, is relatively high compared to that of the western developed countries, such as the United States. The proportion of small businesses among...