Cleavage structures, party systems, and voter alignments : an introduction / by Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan -- pt. 1. The English-speaking democracies. Class voting in the Anglo-American political systems / by Robert R. Alford -- Class voting in New Zealand : a comment on Alford's...

This research is based on theories of federalized party systems, second-order elections and nationalization of party system comparing long-established democratic federations in terms of actual autonomy of their subnational party systems. The study shows that despite obvious prerequisites for...

It is generally acknowledged that a higher degree of party and party system institutionalisation is positively correlated with the consolidation of democracy. It is, thus, useful to compare different levels and types of institutionalisation. In this article the distinction made by Levitsky...