From posting photos and videos to tracking physical activity, apps can do almost anything, but while they may seem like harmless fun, they may also pose a threat to personal data and national security. This paper compares the different responses of the United States, Canada and Germany to data...

Although one segment of the proactive cybersecurity debate—e.g., hack back—has long been derided as a policy option carrying with it great risks of escalation, among other concerns, elements within the U.S. Congress and abroad are actively pushing to give companies a freer hand at defending...

Every company is undoubtedly under attack from hackers. Many companies have suffered data breaches resulting from cybersecurity. In Britain and the United States, the legal privilege strategy has been developed to shield companies after a cyber-attack from tortious liability. However, unlike in...

With the increasing interconnection of computer networks and sophistication of cyber attacks, it is important to understand the dynamics of such situations, especially in regards to cyber international relations. The Explorations in Cyber International Relations (ECIR) Data Dashboard Project is...