The article summarises the essence of airport infrastructure and explores the roles of production airport … infrastructure in the world air transport system. It is noted that airport infrastructure is a complex dynamic subsystem of global … production infrastructure of the world economy and is aimed at providing competitive air transportation services. It is …

infrastructure upgrades with spillovers. There are two types of equilibria in the free competition regime. In particular, voluntary …

impact on investment in new infrastructure. Furthermore, infrastructure-based competition from mobile operators and the … replacement effect stemming from the incumbents’ existing infrastructure exert a negative impact on ex ante investment incentives … the desired infrastructure level. …

This review examines the literature on the role of infrastructure in determining the productivity and competitiveness … of firms. It shows that the existing evidence base is clear in concluding that reliable and high-quality infrastructure …, water, and telecommunications systems increases firm-level productivity. It also shows that providing infrastructure per se …