This article is intended to be a practical user guide to help assess their rebates' capability to foreclose. It first discusses how firms can assess whether their practices are capable of restricting competition. It then reviews the most important issues that are open as to the way the...

This paper provides an analysis of all the European Commission´s decisions on antitrust cases between January 1999 and February 2004. We use a unique dataset that contains information not only on the cases that were analyzed by the Commission and for which a decision was finally public, but...

Existing research has only placed stress on the one-way effect of banking competition on regional carbon emissions. However, the emissions-increasing and emissions-reducing effects of banking competition are examined in this study. On that basis, the relevant theoretical framework on the...