access only to friendly media outlets and denying access to critical ones. While an incumbent prefers positive bias, granting … gatekeeping can induce a quid pro quo relationship: media provides coverage with positive bias in exchange of future access …

We develop a tractable theory to study the impact of biased media on election outcomes, voter turnout and welfare. News … rise in media bias affects the election outcome in a non-monotonic way, and reduces voter welfare by decreasing the …