The degree of liberalization in OECD electricity markets varies considerably across countries. Commonly explained by … elasticity of power demand) the VAT on electricity. …

coordination. This paper examines three persistent sources of flawed coordination: 1) a regulation versus unbundling dilemma, 2 … underlined with lessons from (European) electricity and railways. …

The European Commission proposed to reform the Electricity and Gas Directives to improve access to transmission …, increase cross-border capacity, and fully open the electricity and gas markets. The California electricity crisis has weakened … adequate reserve capacity is risky in a competitive wholesale electricity market without suitable contracts, and unattractive …

regulation data are integrated with the annual energy, transport and communication regulation (ETCR) indicator and what sector …

, while we highlight the major points concerning competition regulation, which are related to the effort for the establishment …

a laggard, at least in the electricity sector. Reforms in the 1990s have entailed some positive results but also some …

Major changes in technology and in regulation led to the proliferation of and willingness to pay for new communication … services The changes in technology enabled the changes in regulation, both through the ability to increase supply and quality …, but because technological change opened the marketplace to new interest groups influencing regulators and regulation. At …

regionalization could potentially address both these challenges. Regional integration of regulation, combined with regionalization of …

assessment considers three categories of barriers to entry namely, access to facilities, the slow pace of regulation and … there is considerable scope the incumbent operators' market power, including through stronger regulation of network open …

-step checklist is applied to facilitate a comparative analysis of EU regulatory liberalization in gas, electricity, telecoms, postal … services, and rail and air transport. Competition policy is discussed with respect to: the relation between regulation and …