In a two-tier oligopoly, where the downstream firms are locked in pair-wise exclusive relationships with their upstream input suppliers, the equilibrium mode of competition in the downstream market is endogenously determined as a renegotiation-proof contract signed between each downstream firm...

This paper considers a model with two competing supply chains where production costs are private information within a supply chain, but manufacturers can decide to share this information with the rival manufacturer. In contrast to existing literature, we study bottom-up negotiations, where...

Algorithms are the fundamental ingredient of online businesses such as search engines, marketplaces, peer-to peer platforms and social networks. They have already deeply affected the way individuals shop, communicate, and interact with one another. In pursuit of automation-driven efficiencies...

The revised EU Directive on payment services in the internal market (PSD2) entered into application on 13 January 2018. The PSD2 introduces a sector-specific data portability rule dubbed access to account, or XS2A. Under the PSD2, specific categories of third parties (“Fintechs”) are allowed...

This paper compares one-part pricing and two types of two-part pricing in a general discrete-continuous choice model, providing more extensive welfare results than prior literature. Under two-part pricing, firms may set fixed fees with or without unit-price commitment. When unit-price commitment...

In the advent of broadband technology, the telecommunications sector plays a more important role in the development of the economy. Despite the need for cheaper, faster, and more stable internet connectivity, the Philippines currently lags behind its ASEAN neighbors with an average broadband...

This article examines a model of competition between two types of health insurer: Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and nonintegrated insurers. HMOs vertically integrate health care providers and pay them at a competitive price, while nonintegrated health insurers work as indemnity plans...

We analyze health care option demand markets with vertical restraints divided along two dimensions: naked and conditional exclusion, and vertical integration; applicable to the upstream, the downstream, and both markets. Our unified framework includes forward and backward integration, and joint...

This paper (only available in Spanish) summarises the relevant literature in the field of vertical restraints in connection with retail markets and distribution, and provides some insights from Chilean practice

In a paper in the March 2004 AER, Justine Hastings concludes that the acquisition of an independent gasoline retailer, Thrifty, by a vertically integrated firm, ARCO, is associated with sizable price increases at competing stations. To better understand the novel mechanism to which she...