We show that the entry of private profit-maximising firms makes the consumers worse off compared to having a nationalised monopoly. Such entry increases the nationalised firm’s profit, industry profit, and social welfare, at the expense of the consumers. Our result is important for competition...

It is usually believed that higher competition, implying more active firms, benefits consumers and encourages the antitrust authorities to foster competition. We show that this view can be misleading, and higher competition may actually make the consumers worse-off. We suggest that the antitrust...

Considering a move from monopoly to duopoly, Bastos et al. (“Open shop unions and product market competition”, 2010, Canadian Journal of Economics) provides open-shop union, where the union density is less than one, as a theoretical reason for the evidence of a positive relationship between...

We provide a theoretical justification for bi-sourcing, which refers to the situation where a final goods producer buys an input from an outside supplier and also produces it in-house. Bi-sourcing occurs if the marginal cost of producing the input in-house is higher than the marginal cost of...

The availability of rich ?rm-level data has led researchers to uncover new evidence on the effects of trade liberalization. First, trade openness forces the least productive fi?rms to exit the market; secondly, it induces surviving fi?rms to increase their innovation efforts; thirdly, it...

We show that if the product market is not very much concentrated, open shop union, where the union density is less than one, may not be a justification for a positive relationship between product market competition and unionized wage, irrespective of the union density, bargaining power of the...