In practice, two types of tournaments can be distinguished - U-type and J-type tournaments. In U-type tournaments …, workers receive prizes that have been fixed in advance. In J-type tournaments, the employer fixes an aggregate wage bill in …-type tournaments if the number of workers is large, whereas the opposite holds for small numbers of workers. …

Tournaments are widely used in the economy to organize production and innovation. We study individual data on 2 …

-order tournaments which are frequently used in practice. Tournaments seem to be an appropriate starting point for this concept because … from emotional workers. In this case, he clearly prefers unfair to fair tournaments. Furthermore, the concept of emotions … is used to explain the puzzling findings on the oversupply of effort in experimental tournaments. …

-pay auctions and rank-order tournaments. This survey provides a review of experimental research on these three canonical contests … contests and multi-battle contests. Then we review research on sabotage, feedback, bias, collusion, alliances, and contests …

-pay auctions and rankorder tournaments. This survey provides a review of experimental research on these three canonical contests … contests and multi-battle contests. Then we review research on sabotage, feedback, bias, collusion, alliances, and contests … research. -- Contests ; all-pay auctions ; tournaments ; experiments …

promotion, the members in organizations can work not only to enhance their own performances, but also to "sabotage" their … opponents' performances. They find it worthwhile to engage in negative activities because promotion is based on relative, rather … chance of promotion. Finally, we discuss several institutional designs that might help to reduce the influence of negative …

This paper studies the "negative" activities of members in organizations. In competing for promotion, the members not … performances. They find it worthwhile to engage in negative activities because promotion is based on relative performance, and that …

promotion, the members in organizations can work not only to enhance their own performances, but also to "sabotage" their … opponents' performances. They find it worthwhile to engage in negative activities because promotion is based on relative, rather … chance of promotion. Finally, we discuss several institutional designs that might help to reduce the influence of negative …