This article is intended to be a practical user guide to help assess their rebates' capability to foreclose. It first discusses how firms can assess whether their practices are capable of restricting competition. It then reviews the most important issues that are open as to the way the...

The EU agenda for improving competitiveness is missing in action. Economic competitiveness has been a central plank in the development of the European Union - a relentless quest for policies that lead to more prosperity and that make European companies in world markets more successful. However,...

We model the impact of bank mergers on loan competition, banks' reserve holdings and aggregate liquidity. Banks compete in a differentiated loan market, hold reserves against liquidity shocks, and refinance in the interbank market. A merger creates an internal money market that induces financial...