This paper investigates infrastructure investment in markets where regulation is subject to varying degrees of … manipulation by elected politicians. Based on a model of price regulation in a market with increasing demand and long-term returns … made independent of future political manipulation. Independency of regulation thus decreases efficiency and consumer …

anticipatory regulatory democracy. 'Competitive supra-governmental regulation' is largely driven by non-state actors and is … therefore commonly viewed as suffering a democracy deficit. However, because it stresses broad participation, intensive … achieve effective implementation and widespread public acceptance, this form of regulation appears to stand up relatively well …