Our paper seeks to define the term effective competition as used in Mexico’s telecommunications sector and implemented through two main regulatory tools: the determination of preponderance and the subsequent imposition of asymmetric measures. To lift, modify or deepen these measures, we argue,...

This paper discusses the current state of product market competition in Iceland, including the legal and regulatory framework, and suggests directions for further improvement. Given the size of the economy, efficiency considerations dictate high concentration in many markets, and preventing...

Regulatory reform efforts in a broad range of industries have resulted in increased importance of competitive forces as a means to allocate resources and improve economic efficiency. A number of indicators suggest that such forces have been stronger in the United States than in most other OECD...

Economic growth has been restricted in developing countries because of the existence of high degrees of concentration and numerous market failures affecting development. In these types of markets, implementation of competition law and policy is fundamental to work toward a much-desired...

The Opinion of Advocate General (‘AG’) Rantos in Servizio Elettrico Nazionale goes to the core of Article 102 TFEU. What is an abuse? What type of conduct is abusive? When does abusive conduct take place? What are the goals pursued by the prohibition of abuse of dominance, and who should be...

In recent decades the relationship between competition law and regulation has become a very controversial issue, in particular in respect of the interface between competition rules and sector-specific regulation in liberalized network industries. The paper examines the controversial practice of...

Hong Kong has only had cross-sector competition law since 2015, but the city’s telecommunications markets have been subject to sector-specific antitrust provisions for over two decades. The importance of nurturing an efficient, innovative, and competitive telecoms industry for Hong Kong’s...

Non-discriminatory third-party access to transportation infrastructures in electricity - transmission and distribution networks - is essential for open and effective competition in wholesale and retail electricity markets. Competition in wholesale energy markets is possible and desirable as it...

This article presents and analyses the results of a large-scale empirical study in which over 11,000 consumers from ten countries in five continents were surveyed about their use, perceptions and understanding of online platform services. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first...

The European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) initiative, which is set to introduce ex ante regulatory rules for “gatekeepers” in online platform markets, is one of the most important pieces of legislation to emanate from Brussels in recent decades. It not only has the potential to...