In digital markets, big technology firms like Google, Microsoft, Amazon, etc., compete with each other across multiple markets. Some markets are platforms/two-sided with products offered for free to users, whereas other markets are one-sided with paid products. In some cases, market competition...

The controversial debate on the appropriate standard for the assessment of bundled discounts echoes the difficulties encountered by courts, antitrust authorities and scholars in their ongoing attempt to develop a coherent theoretical framework to distinguish exclusionary conduct from legitimate...

Bundling has been regarded as a highly ambiguous method for price discrimination or vertical control. Barry Nalebuff has recently proposed an alternative model of bundling as a highly suspect exclusionary tactic. A virtue of the model is that its exclusionary implications do not appeal to...

Recent claims that online platforms have secured permanent monopolies, protected by barriers to entry from network effects and stockpiles of data, and should be the focus of intense antitrust and regulatory scrutiny, are inconsistent with the economics, technology, and history of online...

This article provides an overview of the competitive issues surrounding online platforms. The general theme is that while much has been made of the structural features of online platforms there is little hard evidence that these are durable monopolies. Nonetheless, there are concerns about the...

In general, bundles are supplied with discount. Thus bundles are pro-competitive in view of increasing consumers' welfare. On the other hand, bundles are anti-competitive because of leveraging market power from dominant tying-good market to competitive tied-good market, intensifying entry...

Brands matter. In modern times, brands and brand management have become a central feature of the modern economy and a staple of business theory and business practice. Coca-Cola, Nike, Google, Disney, Apple, Microsoft, BMW, Marlboro, IBM, Kellogg’s, Louis-Vuitton, and Virgin are all large...