outcome. The totality of possible outcomes drives the national innovation system and the returns to a particular successful … required to motivate investment attempting to turn them into an innovation. The alternative to a valuable proprietary … innovation is not the same innovation freely available but the unchanged generic technology. Growth is concentrated in any …

agenda to integrate major research streams treating innovation as an object of economic analysis into our standard models … outcome. The totality of possible outcomes drives the national innovation system and the returns to a particular successful … required to motivate investment attempting to turn them into an innovation. The alternative to a valuable proprietary …

In the modern theory of growth, monopoly plays a crucial role both as a cause and an effect of innovation. Innovative …. This theme of monopoly runs throughout the theory of growth, international trade, and industrial organization. We argue … that monopoly is neither needed for, nor a necessary consequence of, innovation. In particular, intellectual property is …